Table 1 Categorization of risk factors

Surgeon

Experience of the surgeon

Technical skills of the surgeon

Leadership of the surgeon

Surgical team

Qualified staffing

Experience of the scrub nurse

Scrub nurse’s knowledge of the procedure

Experience of the circulating nurse

Technology

All instruments are present

All instruments work properly

It is known how to handle all instruments

All equipment is present

All equipment works properly

The OR team knows how to handle all equipment

The surgeons knows how to handle all equipment

Social interaction

Communication between OR team members

Failure of professional communication

Communication of important issues at shift changes

Collaboration between OR team members

Environment

Disruptions of the surgical process

Distractions (e.g., questions not relating to the patient)

Number of people in the OR

Patient

Patient’s BMI

Patient’s ASA score

Previous surgeries

Fallibility

Time of day surgery takes place (e.g., daytime, nighttime)

Workload

Number of procedure (e.g., first or last of that day)

Fatigue

Safety measures

Universal safety protocols

Briefing according to WHO checklist

Compliance of safety measures (protocol)

Result

Intraoperative complications

Amount of blood loss

Length of surgery