Techniques to reduce shoulder pain after laparoscopic surgery for benign gynaecological disease: a systematic review

Table 3 The effect of drainage on the incidence and severity of shoulder pain (SP)

Reference	Publication year	Number	Procedure	Intervention	Incidence of SP	Severity of SP	Post-operative analgesics
Swift et al. [17]	2002	67, 30/37	Laparoscopic gynaecologic surgery for benign disease	Open drain 4 h post-operatively	N/A	↓	N/A
Abbott et al. [19]	2001	161, 82/79	Diagnostic/minor gynaecologic laparoscopy	Open drain 4 h post-operatively	N/A	↓	↓
Shen et al. [18]	2003	164, 80/84	Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy	Closed suction drainage	↓	↓	↓