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Table 9 Primary surgical treatment of interstitial pregnancy

From: Elective uterine artery embolization prior to laparoscopic resection of interstitial pregnancy: two cases and literature review

Author

N

Initial β-hCG

Surgical treatment

Operating time

Rupture

Hospital stay

Negative β-hCG

Complications

Success

Steadman [97]

1

N/A

Resection of GT

N/A

Yes

7

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

Bickerstaff [98]

1

N/A

CR

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1/1

Farabow et al. [99]

1

N/A

Laparotomic CR

N/A

Yes

N/A

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

Iuchtman and Grunstein [100]

2

N/A

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

8

N/A

N/A

2/2

Hill et al. [101]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic resection of GT°

N/A

No

2

4–5

1/1

Reich et al. [102]

1

16,300

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

Yes

2

3

Transfusion

1/1

de Boer et al. [103]

1

N/A

Laparotomic CS

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

1/1

Pelosi [104]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CR

45

N/A

1

N/A

1/1

Laury [105]

1

2450

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

No

0

N/A

1/1

Sherer et al. [106]

1*

N/A

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

Yes

3

*

Transfusion

1/1

Tulandi et al. [107]

4

4700–14,500

Laparoscopic CR°

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

5/5

 

1

8000

Laparoscopic SS°

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

1/1

Woodland et al. [108]

1

11,061

Laparoscopic CR°

N/A

No

1

N/A

1/1

Katz and Lurie [109]

1

6300

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

1/1

Grobman and Milad [110]

1

32,827

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

No

N/A

6

1/1

Kasum et al. [111]

1*

5450

Laparoscopic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

N/A

*

1/1

Crvenkoviæ et al. [112]

1

8800

Laparoscopic CR°

60

No

4

2

1/1

Rahimi [113]

1

3672

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

No

1

2

1/1

Moon et al. [38]

3

28.5–305,100

Laparoscopic CS°

52

No

N/A

N/A

3/3

 

18

 

Laparoscopic CS°°

U:28; R:82

3/18

N/A

N/A

17/18

 

3

 

Laparoscopic CS°°°

35

No

N/A

N/A

3/3

Vicino et al. [114]

1

21,800

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

No

N/A

2

1/1

Ayoubi et al. [115]

1*

N/A

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

N/A

*

1/1

Dumesic et al. [116]

1*

N/A

Laparotomic CR

N/A

Yes

N/A

N/A

Transfusion

Miscarriage

1/1

Kun and Tung [117]

1

N/A

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

6

N/A

1/1

Osuga et al. [118]

3

14,352–19,457

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

3/3

Sagiv et al. [57]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

Yes

1

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

DeWitt and Abbott [119]

1

N/A

CR

N/A

Yes

3

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

Sills et al. [120]

1*

N/A

Laparoscopic CS

< 60

No

3

*

 

1/1

Chang et al. [121]

1*

63,300

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

N/A

N/A

*

1/1

Habek et al. [122]

2

N/A

Laparotomic hysterectomy

N/A

Yes

8

N/A

Transfusion 1/2

2/2

Izquierdo et al. [123]

1

2500

CR

N/A

N/A

3

N/A

1/1

Katz et al. [124]

2

3467–9800

TE, LG and HG

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

2/2

Yoo et al. [125]

4

39,245

Laparoscopic CS°

54

No

2

4

4/4

Gezer and Mutlu [126]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

No

1

N/A

1/1

Grimbizis et al. [127]

1

821

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

Yes

1

3

1/1

Lee et al. [128]

1

45,000

Laparotomic CS

N/A

No

7

N/A

1/1

Savvidou et al. [129]

1

27,724

Laparoscopic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

4

3

Transfusion

Conversion

1/1

Thakur et al. [130]

2

3356–17,735

TE, LG and UG

N/A

No

2

N/A

2/2

 

2

 

TE, LG and UG

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

2/2

Tulandi et al. [39]

13

11,471

Laparotomic CR

N/A

9/13

N/A

N/A

Transfusion 7/13

13/13

 

8

2087

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

5/11

N/A

N/A

Transfusion 2/11

7/8

 

3

 

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

5/11

N/A

N/A

Transfusion 2/11

3/3

Zhang et al. [131]

3

8593–16,820

TE, LG

< 18

No

3 (max)

4

3/3

Huang et al. [132]

4

39,933–74,551

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

No

N/A

4

4/4

Kumakiri et al. [133]

1

9460

Laparoscopic CR°

84

No

2

4

1/1

Ross et al. [134]

2

23,480–45,780

TE, UG1

N/A

No

2

4–8

2/2

Takeda et al. [94]

2

4250–15,500

Laparoscopic CR

44–98

Yes

6–11

N/A

Transfusion 2/2

2/2

 

1

16,100

Laparoscopic CS

75

Yes

30

N/A

Transfusion

0/1

Ko et al. [135]

1

1356

Laparoscopic resection of GT

N/A

No

1

1

1/1

Lee et al. [136]

1

N/A

Laparotomic CS

N/A

No

3

N/A

1/1

Oliver et al. [137]

5

14,874

TE, LG and UG

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

5/5

Lialios et al. [138]

1*

N/A

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

Yes

2

*

1/1

Qin et al. [139]

1*

N/A

Laparoscopic CR°°

N/A

No

N/A

*

1/1

Sherer et al. [140]

1

N/A

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

3

N/A

1/1

Casadio et al. [141]

1

9383

Laparoscopic CR

40

No

2

5

1/1

Cheng et al. [142]

1

59,959

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

No

6

5

1/1

Choi et al. [143]

8

3400–74,060

Laparoscopic CS°

35–80

No

N/A

2–5

8/8

Duong et al. [144]

1

N/A

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

7

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

MacRae et al. [40]

3

3150–38,000

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

1/3

2

N/A

3/3

 

8

0–21,352

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

3/8

2

N/A

Conversion 1/8

7/8

Ng et al. [41]

53

N/A

Laparoscopic CS if IP 1–2 cm°; Laparoscopic CR if IP 3 cm or more°

67 (mean)

8/53

2

3

Conversion 1/53

Transfusion 8/53

44/53

Pluchino et al. [145]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

Yes

2

N/A

1/1

Moon et al. [14]

20

177–39,508

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

2/20

N/A

N/A

19/20

Pan et al. [146]

1

79,194

Bilateral CR (bilateral IP)

N/A

No

10

N/A

1/1

Pistofidis et al. [147]

1

18,900

Laparoscopic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

2

N/A

1/1

Tinelli et al. [148]

3

7600–12,500

Laparoscopic CS

45 (mean)

1/3

1

2

3/3

Vignali et al. [149]

3

431–3252

Laparoscopic CR

36–60

No

1

N/A

3/3

Walid et al. [150]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic resection of GT°

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1/1

Yan [151]

1

3600

Laparoscopic resection of GT°

60

No

N/A

N/A

1/1

Aust et al. [152]

1*

N/A

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

No

0

*

Miscarriage

1/1

Cerviño et al. [153]

1

20,940

TE, UG2

N/A

No

N/A

5

1/1

Chachan et al. [154]

1*

N/A

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

No

1

*

1/1

Hwang et al. [42]

54

12,741

Laparotomic CR

71

19/54

6

N/A

Transfusion 25/54

54/54

 

34

12,905

Laparoscopic CR

81

8/34

5

N/A

Transfusion 13/34

Bowel injury 1/34

34/34

Lazard et al. [155]

2

4900–14,720

Laparoscopic CR

25–35

No

2–3

2–3

2/2

Lodhi et al. [156]

1

6041

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

No

2

N/A

1/1

 

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

Yes

2

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

Yamamoto et al. [157]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CR°

N/A

No

1

N/A

1/1

Ahsan Akhtar et al. [158]

1

16,740

Laparoscopic CR

25

No

1

3

1/1

Cai et al. [43]

15

N/A

Laparoscopic CS°

30–80

N/A

2–5

2–5

15/15

 

7

3000–32,000

TE, LG, and HG

45–90

No

N/A

2–5

Perforation 2/7

5/7

Cucinella et al. [159]

5

1286–20,680

Laparoscopic CR°°°°

31–46

No

N/A

3–4

5/5

Garavaglia et al. [160]

1

2173

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1/1

Muglu et al. [161]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic resection of GT

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1/1

Rheinboldt et al. [162]

1

7787

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1/1

Zuo et al. [44]

16

14,696

Laparoscopic CR

25–120

No

3–4

N/A

Rupture 1/16

16/16

Ahn et al. [45]

6

17,797–69,303

TE, UG

N/A

No

2–8

N/A

5/6

 

9

20,319–50,271

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

N/A

4–7

N/A

Transfusion 1/9

9/9

MacKenna et al. [163]

1

5820

Laparoscopic CR°

N/A

No

1

2

1/1

Mooij and Van Dillen [164]

1

N/A

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1/1

Sagiv et al. [73]

3

3282–13,260

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

3/3

 

2

21,930–88,270

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

2/2

Surbone et al. [74]

2

2974–15,022

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Conversion 1/2

2/2

Warda et al. [165]

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

1/1

Wright et al. [166]

3

1455–27,052

TE, UG1

N/A

No

N/A

6–12

3/3

Zhang and Yuan [167]

2

2808–14,030

Laparoscopic CR°

45–95

No

6–7

< 1

2/2

Chandran [168]

1

N/A

Laparotomic CR

N/A

No

5

N/A

1/1

Douysset et al. [46]

13

369–45,780

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

9/18

5

N/A

Transfusion 4/18

11/13

 

5

 

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

9/18

5

N/A

Transfusion 4/18

4/5

Garretto et al. [169]

1

26,476

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

No

1

N/A

1/1

Manea et al. [11]

2

2238–8915

Laparoscopic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

N/A

N/A

2/2

 

1

6892

Laparoscopic CR~

N/A

Yes

N/A

N/A

1/1

Nezhat et al. [170]

1

N/A

TE°, UG + LG

N/A

No

1

5

1/1

Wang et al. [171]

8

636–13,310

Laparoscopic CS°

40–100

No

2

N/A

8/8

 

1

N/A

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

No

2

N/A

1/1

Warda et al. [172]

4

N/A

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

4/4

Watanabe et al. [47]

12

998–55,820

Laparoscopic CS, °

61–160

2/12

N/A

N/A

12/12

 

1

69

Laparoscopic CS°

N/A

Yes

N/A

N/A

1/1

Yu et al. [91]

4*

N/A

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

N/A

N/A

*

Miscarriage 1/4

4/4

Ansari et al. [173]

1

65,000

Laparoscopic CS°

78

No

0

12

1/1

Afifi et al. [174]

2

3890–17,445

Laparoscopic CS°, °°°°°

55–65

1/2

1

1–2

2/2

Faioli et al. [10]

3

10,119–18,765

Laparoscopic CR

28

No

N/A

3

3/3

Grindler et al. [175]

1

39,745

TE, UG

N/A

No

0

N/A

1/1

Jeon et al. [176]

9*

N/A

Laparotomy

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

9/9

Kim et al. [177]

13*

N/A

Laparoscopic CR

40–145

2/13

2–7

N/A

Rupture 1/11

Transfusion 2/13

Miscarriage 1/13

13/13

Mallick et al. [178]

2

2304–14,480

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

1/2

0

N/A

2/2

 

2

N/A

Laparoscopic CS

N/A

No

1

N/A

2/2

Nikodijevic et al. [48]

13

16,687

Laparoscopic CR

N/A

N/A

N/A

4–8

Conversion 5/13

Transfusion 4/13

13/13

Nirgianakis et al. [49]

10

27,634

Laparoscopic CR~

115

N/A

3

N/A

Transfusion 3/10

10/10

Said [179]

4

N/A

Laparoscopic resection of GT~

40–60

N/A

2

N/A

4/4

 

1*

N/A

Laparoscopic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

N/A

*

1/1

Wang et al. [50]

38

25,150

Laparoscopic CS°

71

11/38

3

N/A

35/38

Xu et al. [180]

1

N/A

Resection of GT

N/A

Yes

N/A

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

Kahramanoglu et al. [81]

1

> 10,000

Laparotomic resection of GT

N/A

Yes

3

N/A

Transfusion

1/1

1

9277

TE, UG

N/A

No

0

4

1/1

1

N/A

TE, LG

N/A

No

1

1

1/1

Lee et al. [51]

53

575–64,831

Laparoscopic CR3

77

N/A

N/A

N/A

49/53

 

22

1454–62,422

Laparoscopic CS, °

59

N/A

N/A

N/A

21/22

  1. N number of cases, β-hCG mIU/ml, CR cornual resection, CS cornuostomy, TE transcervical evacuation, SS salpingostomy, GT gestational tissue, R ruptured, U unruptured, UG under ultrasound guidance, LG under laparoscopic guidance, HG under hysteroscopic guidance, IP interstitial pregnancy, operating time minutes, hospital stay days, negative β-hCG weeks
  2. *Heterotopic pregnancy, hemostatic technique: °vasopressin, °°endoloop, °°°encircling suture, °°°°“Purse-string” suture, °°°°°stitch at the uterine fundus and in the mesosalpinx, ~local injection of diluted adrenaline (1/4)—1: MTX 50 mg/m2 IM; 2: MTX 1 mg/kg IM; 3: +/− postoperative prophylactic MTX